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Anneliese Maier (; November 17, 1905 in Tübingen, German Empire – December, 1971 in Rome, Italy) was a German historian of science particularly known for her work researching natural philosophy in the middle ages.
According to E. J. Dijksterhuis, the path of the influence of Oresme through James of St. Martinus was found by Maier: "The fourteenth-century treatise De Latitudinibus formarum which, omitting all the speculative elements, gives a summary of the purely mathematical part of Oresme's own work, was very widely diffused, first in manuscript and later in print, and as Auctor de latitudinibus the anonymous author became better known than Oresme himself. Through later researches by Miss A. Maier, the identity of this Auctor has meanwhile been established: the man who ensured the survival of Oresme's methods was an Italian Augustinian hermit, James of St. Martinus, also called James of Naples."E. J. Dijksterhuis (1961) The Mechanization of the World Picture, page 265
In 1951 Maier became a professor at the University of Cologne. She became a member of the Academies of Sciences in Mainz (1949), Göttingen (1962) and Munich (1966). In 1966 she received the George Sarton Medal for her profound studies on the history of natural philosophy in the Middle Ages.
The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation has named a research grant after her, the Anneliese Maier Research Award, which is a "collaboration award to promote the internationalisation of the humanities and social sciences in Germany.""Anneliese Maier Research Award" Humboldt Foundation
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